Penalty strokes are incurred in certain situations. Most often a penalty stroke is assessed because a player has hit into a situation from which they cannot or choose not to play the ball as it lies, or because they have lost their ball and must play a substitute. Penalty strokes are counted towards a player's score as if they were an extra swing at the ball.

[edit] Alternative golf courses Extreme golf is typically played on environmentally sustainable alternatives to traditional courses. A cross between hiking and golfing, the course layout exposes players to a wide range of natural obstacles and challenging terrains.

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